\\\\x,- 2008 R2 Unleashed.pdf
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Solutions provider takeaway: This chapter excerpt offers information on PowerShell commands, uses, features, enhancements and command types in Windows Server 2008 R2. PowerShell can help solutions providers accomplish many tasks, including service and process management.
Until now, Windows users and administrators primarily have used the Windows Explorer or cmd command prompt (both shells) to interact with most versions of the Window operating systems. With Microsoft's release of PowerShell, both a new shell and scripting language, the current standard for interacting with and managing Windows is rapidly changing. This change became very evident with the release of Microsoft Exchange Server 2007, which used PowerShell as its management backbone, the addition of PowerShell as a feature within Windows Server 2008, and now the inclusion of PowerShell as part of the Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 operating systems.
In this chapter, we take a closer look at what shells are and how they have developed. Next, we review Microsoft's past attempts at providing an automation interface (WSH) and then introduce PowerShell. From there, we step into understanding the PowerShell features and how to use it to manage Windows 2008. Finally, we review some best practices for using PowerShell.
This chapter excerpt on Automating Tasks Using PowerShell Scripting (download PDF) is taken from the book Windows Server 2008 R2 Unleashed. Solutions providers can use this book to learn about Windows Server 2008 R2 migration, administration, deployment and troubleshooting. This book also provides information on management and security tools and features, such as Hyper-V's Live Migration.
As such, PowerShell is the approach Microsoft had been seeking as the automation and management interface for their products. Thus, PowerShell is now the endorsed solution for the management of Windows-based systems and server products. Over time, PowerShell could even possibly replace the current management interfaces, such as cmd.exe, WSH, CLI tools, and so on, while becoming even further integrated into the Windows operating system. The trend toward this direction can be seen with the release of Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7, in which PowerShell is part of the operating system.
Windows Server 2008 R2 has the Windows PowerShell 2.0 version built in to the operating system. In this version of PowerShell, a number of enhancements have been made to both PowerShell itself and the ability for managing Windows Server 2008 R2's roles and features. The following is a summary for some of the improvements in PowerShell 2.0 (these features are talked about in greater detail later in this chapter and throughout this book):
Omar Droubi has been in the computer industry for more than 15 years and has co-authored Windows 2003 Unleashed. Ross Mistry has spent more than a decade in the computer industry and has also published Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Management and Administration.
Printed with permission from Sams Publishing. Copyright 2010. Windows Server 2008 R2 Unleashed by Rand Morimoto, Michael Noel, Omar Droubi and Ross Mistry. For more information about this title and other similar books, please visit Sams Publishing.
You can install Windows Admin Center on Windows Server 2019 and Windows 10 and earlier versions of Windows and Windows Server, and use it to manage servers and clusters running Windows Server 2008 R2 and later.
When you try to install and run certain legacy games or applications in Windows Vista Service Pack 2 (SP2), in Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (SP2), in Windows 7, and in Windows Server 2008 R2, you may experience one or more of the following symptoms:
The following table lists the applications that were added to the cumulative update package. This table also describes the behavior of these applications after you install the update.Application compatibility updates trigger several changes in Windows Vista SP2, in Windows Server 2008 SP2, in Windows 7, and Windows Server 2008 R2. The following are the three most common:
Hard blockThe update puts a hard block on the application. A hard block prevents an application that is incompatible with Windows 7 and with Windows Server 2008 from running on the system. Note Microsoft enables Windows to put a hard block on a non-Microsoft application only if the manufacturer of the application gives its consent.
935791 How to obtain the latest Windows Vista service packFor more information about how to obtain a Windows Server 2008 service pack, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
Important Windows Vista hotfixes and Windows Server 2008 hotfixes are included in the same packages. However, only "Windows Vista" is listed on the Hotfix Request page. To request the hotfix package that applies to one or both operating systems, select the hotfix that is listed under "Windows Vista" on the page. Always refer to the "Applies To" section in articles to determine the actual operating system that each hotfix applies to.
Service Pack 1 is integrated into the release version of Windows Server 2008. Therefore, RTM milestone files apply only to Windows Vista. RTM milestone files have a 6.0.0000.xxxxxx version number.
Important Windows 7 hotfixes and Windows Server 2008 R2 hotfixes are included in the same packages. However, hotfixes on the Hotfix Request page are listed under both operating systems. To request the hotfix package that applies to one or both operating systems, select the hotfix that is listed under "Windows 7/Windows Server 2008 R2" on the page. Always refer to the "Applies To" section in articles to determine the actual operating system that each hotfix applies to.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is an adaptive routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing algorithm and falls into the group of interior routing protocols, operating within a single autonomous system (AS). It is defined as OSPF Version 2 in RFC 2328 (1998) for IPv4. The updates for IPv6 are specified as OSPF Version 3 in RFC 5340 (2008).
Michael Otey, technical director of Windows IT Pro, recently asked Ward Ralston, group product manager for Windows Server, to cover some of the aspects of Windows Server 2008 R2 that might make IT pros consider deploying this release sooner rather than later.
Ward Ralston: With Windows Server 2008 R2, there are a number of improvements to the hypervisor around scalability, performance, and reliability. First, on the scalability front, we have increased the number of logical processors supported to 64. This will allow Hyper-V Server 2008 R2 to scale the capabilities of the new multi-core systems as they come to market.
Another compelling feature for organizations is the AD Recycle Bin. In the past, if an object was accidently deleted from AD, you would have to take the Domain Controller into safe mode and perform an authoritative restore of that object from backup media. This process could potentially take hours and was only as good as the fidelity of your backup. With Windows Server 2008 R2, you can restore deleted objects from the command line without having to do any disaster recovery procedures. As you may suspect, a requirement of this capability is Windows Server 2008 R2 Forest Functionality Mode.
As a joint development effort from the beginning, one of the goals of Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7 was to enable users to access the information that they need, whether they are in or out of the office, and in the case of Branch Offices, accelerate the delivery of that information and decrease WAN usage.
Another area in which Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7 shine is in the branch office. A new feature, BranchCache, is easily enabled using Group Policy. When enabled, R2 will intelligently cache data the first time it is downloaded from a corporate content server (either SMB or HTTP) so that subsequent requests for the same information are served up locally in the branch instead of taxing the WAN links. This is done in a way where we can ensure file changes, ACLs, file locks, etc. are all respected. Think of a branch where there are 100 users who all need to download the new employee manual, which is 50MB. Instead of 5GB going across the WAN in the early morning (slowly), only 50MB will go across and everyone will get the manual locally from the hosted cache in the branch. You just saved 4.5GB on that line.
First, check with your ISV to ensure your applications are tested for compatibility. For a quick compatibility self-test check, you can take advantage of our free downloadable certification toolkit (use the Works with Windows Server 2008 R2 tool) as a black-box validation tool for application compatibility compliance verification. (You can find the Toolkit at microsoft.com/windowsserver/isv). If your ISV has not pledged support for Windows Server 2008 R2 (you may find a complete list of server pledged supported apps on our WindowsServerCatalog.com), we have application compatibility resources including the Microsoft Deployment Toolkit 2010 (MDT), which has the Application Compatibility Toolkit 5.5 (ACT).
Podcast Episode Description: "Watch Apple CEO Steve Jobs kick off the Macworld Conference & Expo 2008 with a keynote address that covers exciting developments at Apple, including the MacBook Air and the addition of movie rentals to iTunes and on Apple TV."[8]
Windows 2008 comes in the same release versions as the more recent server version releases from Microsoft with the addition of a Server Core version that provides a lighter GUI-less version of Windows 2008. The main versions of Windows 2008 include Windows Server 2008, Standard Edition; Windows Server 2008, Enterprise Edition; Windows Server 2008, Datacenter Edition; Windows Web Server 2008; and Windows 2008 Server Core. 2b1af7f3a8
