Multithreading Applications In Win32 The Complete Guide To Threads Pdf Download
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With .NET, you can write applications that perform multiple operations at the same time. Operations with the potential of holding up other operations can execute on separate threads, a process known as multithreading or free threading.
Applications that use multithreading are more responsive to user input because the user interface stays active as processor-intensive tasks execute on separate threads. Multithreading is also useful when you create scalable applications because you can add threads as the workload increases.
Threads can provide benefits... for the right applications! Don't waste your time multithreading a portion of code or an entire program that isn't worth multithreading. Gene Amdahl argued the theoretical maximum improvement that is possible for a computer program that is parallelized, under the premise that the program is strongly scaled (i.e. the program operates on a fixed problem size). His claim is a well known assertion known as Amdahl's Law. Essentially, Amdahl's law states that the speedup of a program due to parallelization can be no larger than the inverse of the portion of the program that is immutably sequential. For example, if 50% of your program is not parallelizable, then you can only expect a maximum speedup of 2x, regardless the number of processors you throw at the problem. Of course many problems and data sets that parallel programs process are not of fixed size or the serial portion can be very close to zero. What is important to the reader here, is to understand that most interesting problems that are solved by computer programs tend to have some limitations in the amount of parallelism that can be effectively expressed (or introduced by the very mechanism to parallelize) and exploited as threads or some other parallel construct. It must be underscored how important it is to understand the problem the computer program is trying to solve first, before simply jumping in head first. Careful planning and consideration of not only what the program must attack in a parallel fashion and the means to do so by way of the algorithms employed and the vehicle for which they are delivered must be performed. There is a common saying: "90% of processor cycles are spent in 10% of the code." This is more formally known as the Pareto Principle. Carefully analyze your code or your design plan; don't spend all of your time optimizing/parallelizing the 90% of the code that doesn't matter much! Code profiling and analysis is outside of the scope of this document, but it is recommended reading left to those unfamiliar with the subject.
Now that we have a good foundation of thread concepts, lets talk about a particular threading implementation, POSIX pthreads. The pthread library can be found on almost any modern POSIX-compliant OS (and even under Windows, see pthreads-win32). Note that it is not possible to cover more than an introduction on pthreads within the context of this short overview and tutorial. pthreads concepts such as thread scheduling classes, thread-specific data, thread canceling, handling signals and reader/writer locks are not covered here. Please see the Resources section for more information. If you are programming in C++, I highly recommend evaluating the Boost C++ Libraries. One of the libraries is the Thread library which provides a common interface for portable multithreading. It is assumed that you have a good understanding of the C programming language. If you do not or need to brush up, please review basic C (especially pointers and arrays). Here are some resources.
Multithreading gives developers using the Java 2 platform apowerful tool for dramatically improving the responsiveness andperformance of their programs on any platform, even those withoutinherent multithreading support. Multithreaded Programming withJava Technology is the first complete guide to multithreadeddevelopment with the Java 2 platform. Multithreading experts BilLewis and Daniel J. Berg cover the underlying structures upon whichthreads are built; thread construction; and thread lifecycles,including birth, life, death, and cancellation. Next, usingextensive code examples, they cover everything developers need toknow to make the most of multithreading, including: 2b1af7f3a8
